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Studium, Studijní předměty, Garantované obory studia, Začínáme studovat, Doporučená schémata studia, Zkušenosti absolventů, Témata závěrečných prací , Úspěchy našich studentů, Průvodce studiem, Aplikovaná fyzika, Přístrojová fyzika, Učitelství fyziky, Nanotechnologie, (Aplikovaná fyzika), (Přístrojová fyzika), (Nanotechnologie), (Učitelství fyziky), Pro uchazeče, Pro studenty, Absolventi, Počítačová fyzika
Termodynamika a statistická fyzika
Course: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Department/Abbreviation: SLO/TSFN
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'prof. RNDr. Jan Peřina, Ph.D.'
Annotation: Understand the basic methods in the description of systems in thermodynamics and statistical physics.
Course review:
- The first law of thermodynamics, state parameters, state equations, state of thermodynamic equilibrium
- Heat, adiabatic process, reversible and irreversible processes, heat capacity, the second law of thermodynamics, Caratheodor principle, absolute temperature, entropy, Carnot cycle
- Thermodynamic potentials, Joule-Thompson phenomenon
- Thermodynamics of systems with variable number of particles, chemical potentials, grand-canonical potential, Gibbs-Duhem equation, thermodynamic potentials of dielectrics and magnetics
- Thermodynamic potentials of non-equilibrium systems, principle of increase of entropy, conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, Guldberg-Wage law, Braun-Le Chatelier principle, Gibbs rule of phases
- Phase transitions, phase transitions of the first order, Clausius-Clapeyron equations, phase transitions of the second order, Ehrenfest equations, Landau theory of phase transitions of the second order, transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism, Curie-Weiss law
- The third thermodynamic law
- Description of many-particle system, phase space, laws of conservation (Noether theorem), statistical set, Liouville theorem, ergodic problem, Tolman hypothesis, density of quantum states
- Micro-canonical, canonical and grand-canonical set, equation of state of canonical system, entropy
- Statistical division of the system of free particles, formalism of the second quantization, grand-canonical partition function, distribution laws of ideal gases
- Ideal Maxwell-Boltzmann gas, equipartition theorem, specific heats of model physical systems, chemical reaction in gaseous mixture, ideal fermion gas, electron gas in homogeneous magnetic field, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, Curie law
- Ideal boson gas, radiation of absolutely black body, Planck law, phonon systems, Einstein model of the crystal, Debye theory of heat capacities
- Boltzmann non-ideal gas, virial equation of state, Einstein theory of fluctuations, Onsager relations of reciprocity
Fyzikální praktikum (elektřina a magnetismus)
Course: Practicals in Electricity and Magnetism
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/FP2
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'Mgr. Milan Vůjtek, Ph.D.'
Annotation: Laboratory tasks in electricity and magnetism.
Course review:
Circuit components in DC electric circuits - behaviour of resistors, capacitors and coils, methods of solving of electrical circuits, resistor bridges
Circuit components in AC electric circuits - behaviour of resistors, capacitors and coils, measurements of capacitances, solving of electrical circuits and principle of superposition
Nonlinear and controlled electrical components - characteristics of transil, thermistor, diode and light bulbs, contact resistance
Basic properties of RLC electrical circuits - voltage on individual circuit components, currents in AC electrical circuits,
Work with oscilloscope - basic operations of oscilloscope, characteristics of signals, True RMS values, Lissajous curves and measurement of phase shifts
Magnetic circuit and magnetization curves - measurement of hysteresis loops, transformers, power losses in magnetic circuits
Thermal dependence of electrical parameters
Electromagnetic induction and magnetic field of coils
Electrostatics
Skripta (PDF 2,3 MiB)
Molekulová fyzika a termodynamika
Course: Molecular Physics and Thermodynamics
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/MFT
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'RNDr. Renata Holubová, CSc.'
Annotation: Molecular physics and thermodynamics - a part of the basic course of physics for all physics students.
Course review:
- Basic findings of molecular physics: particle structure of the matter, atoms and molecules, number of moles, molar quantities, particle in a force field of the other particles, Brownian motion
- Thermodynamic system, state of a system equilibrium state, equilibrium process, reversible and irreversible processes, equilibrium state of a gas as a state with maximum probability, internal energy of a system, heat, ideal gas
- Laws of ideal gas
- Molecular kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell Law, analysis of the Maxwell Law.
- Thermodynamics - the laws of thermodynamics, entropy, thermodynamic functions
- Transport phenomena: heat conduction, Fourier equation for heat conduction, heat convection, radiation, diffusion, the First and the Second Fick Law, internal friction
- Phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation
- Real gases, Joule-Thomson phenomenon, condensation of gases
- Solids: crystalline and amorphous solids, crystal lattice and lattice parameters, energy of a crystal lattice, classification of crystals, crystal defects, thermal properties of solids, thermal linear and volume expansion, molar heat capacity of solids
- Liquids: structure of liquids, diffusion of liquids, osmosis, osmotic pressure, biological importance of osmosis, thermal conductance of liquids, viscosity of liquids
- Properties of liquid surface, surface layer, surface tension, pressure under curved liquid surface, capillarity, liquid compressibility, thermal expansion of liquids, water anomaly
- Thermodynamics and environmental physics
Skripta (PDF 2,6 MiB)
Fyzikální praktikum (molekulová fyzika)
Course: Practicals in Molecular Physics
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/FP3
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'RNDr. Renata Holubová, CSc.'
Annotation: Laboratory tasks for the physical practicum (molecular physics and thermodynamics).
Course review:
List of laboratory tasks for the physical practicum (molecular physics and thermodynamics)
Laws of gases
Molar heat capacity
Surface tension
Calorimetry measurement
Heat transmission
Heat conduction
Viscosity of liquids I.
Viscosity of liquids II. + measurement of specific latent heat of fusion of ice-to-water transformation
Joule-Thomson law
Adiabatic coefficient of gases
Skripta (PDF 3,7 MiB)
Moderní mikroskopické metody
Course: Advanced Microscopic Methods
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/MMM
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'doc. RNDr. Roman Kubínek, CSc.'
Annotation: Overview of used modern microscopic methods - modern light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy
Course review:
Light microscopy - method of phase contrast, UV and IR microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, polarization microscopy, interference microscopy (Nomarski interference contrastm Hoffman modulation contrast), confocal laser microscopy, optical scanning near-field microscopy
Electron microscopy - transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, low-voltage electron microscopy, electron microscopy with high resolution, electron microscopy with optional vacuum (biological application)
Scanning probe microscopy - scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, electrostatic force microscopy, lateral force microscopy, scanning capacity microscopy, scanning temperature microscopy, scanning optical near-field microscopy, methods related to the group of methods of scanning probe microscopy
Fyzikální praktikum (atomistika)
Course: Practicals in nuclear physics
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/FP5
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'doc. Mgr. Vít Procházka, Ph.D.'
Annotation: Laboratory tasks in atomic and nuclear physics.
Course review:
1st week: compulsory safety training
List of laboratory tasks for the physical practicum from atomic and nuclear physics:
1. Measurement of spectra of gamma-ray sources
2. Characteristics of Geiger-Müller detector
3. Interaction of gamma-rays with a matter
4. Experimental observation of Mössbauer effect and hyperfine interactions
5. Study of electron-positron annihilation
6. Study of properties of gaseous proportional detector
7. Verification of the statistical character of the conversion law
8. Comparison of efficiency of scintillation and Geiger-Müller detector of gamma-rays
9. SPM
10. Franck-Hertz experiment
11. Balmer series, Rydberger constant
12. NMR
Elektřina a magnetismus
Course: Electricity and Magnetism
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/EMG
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'doc. RNDr. Roman Kubínek, CSc.'
Annotation: Basic course in electricity and magnetism.
Course review:
Electrostatic field on vacuum - Coulomb Law and its application, principle of superposition, description of electrostatic field, intensity of electric field, potential of electric field, Gauss electrostatic theorem and its applications, potential energy of a charge in electrostatic field, electric potential, calculation of electric potential, electrostatic field of a charged conductor, distribution of a charge on a surface of charged conductor, electrostatic induction, capacity of a single conductor, capacitors, connections of capacitors
Skripta (PDF 4,7 MiB)
Sbírka (PDF 647 kiB)
Atomová a jaderná fyzika
Course: Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/AJF
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'prof. RNDr. Miroslav Mašláň, CSc.'
Annotation: Basic course in atomic and nuclear physics.
Course review:
1. Introduction to the physics of the microworld, basic conceptions of the quantum physics
2. Hydrogen atom and its spectrum, atoms with more electrons, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund rules, filling of orbitals
3.Electromagnetic transitions in an atom, probabilities of transition, selection rules, atomic spectroscopy, influence of external field on atomic spectra
4. Molecules, bonds in molecules, molecular spectroscopy
5.Atomic nucleus, protons, neutrons, basic characteristics of atomic nucleus
6.Transformations of atomic nucleus, models of atomic nucleus, nuclear reactions (disintegration and synthesis)
7.Application of nuclear physics - magnetic resonance, Mössbauer effect, neutron diffraction, use of radionuclides, nuclear reactors, possibilities of use of synthesis of nucleus
8.Dosimetry of ionization radiation, prevention against radiation, biological effect of ionization radiation
9.Cosmic radiation
10.Introduction to physics of high energies, elementary particles, trials of their systematization, interactions between them
Fyzikální praktikum (mechanika)
Course: Practicals in Mechanics
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/FP1
Year: 2021 2022
Guarantee: 'Mgr. David Smrčka, Ph.D.'
Annotation: Laboratory tasks for the physical practicum (mechanics, oscillations and waves, acoustics)
Course review:
1st week: compulsory safety training
Laboratory tasks of the 1st cycle:
1. Measurement of the moment of inertia
2. Measurement of the shear modulus (static method, dynamic method)
3. Mechanical hysteresis: (a) measurement of the hysteresis loop, (b) determination of elastic modulus of various materials from the torsion of the rods
4. Measurement of the density of the liquids by (a) submersible body and (b) connected vessels
5. Measurement of the density of the solids by (a) direct method, (b) hydrostatic method and (c) pyctometer
2nd cycle:
1.
Laboratory tasks of the 2nd cycle: 1. Measurement with the 3-axis gyroscope 2. Measurement of gravitational acceleration by reverse pendulum, dependence of oscillation time of physical pendulum on g - Mach pendulum 3.Measurement on mathematical pendulum 4. Balistic pendulum. 5. Measurement on the train set
Návody k úlohám (ZIP 3,3 MiB)
Elektronická měření
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